Genital/Reproductive test external genitalia penis vulva gamete gonads testicles ovaries sexually transmitted diseases

Genital/Reproductive

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The panel used to test Genital/Reproductive functions.

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. The major organs of the human reproductive system include the external genitalia (penis and vulva) as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads (testicles and ovaries). Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted diseases.

Like all complex organ systems the human reproductive system is affected by many diseases. There are four main categories of reproductive diseases in humans. They are:

·	Genetic or congenital abnormalities

Cancers

·	Infections which are often sexually transmitted diseases

·	functional problems cause by environmental factors, physical damage, psychological issues, autoimmune disorders, or other causes.

The best known type of functional problems include sexual dysfunction and infertility which are both broad terms relating to many disorders with many causes.

Specific reproductive diseases are often symptoms of other diseases and disorders, or have multiple, or unknown causes making them difficult to classify. Examples of unclassifiable disorders include Peyronie's disease in males and endometriosis in females. Many congenial conditions cause reproductive abnormalities but are better known for their other symptoms, these include: Turner syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and Bloom syndrome.

It is also known that disruption of the endocrine system by certain chemical adversely affects the development of the reproductive system and can cause vaginal cancer. Many other reproductive diseases have also been link to exposure to synthetic and environmental chemicals. Common chemicals with known links to reproductive disorders include: lead, dioxin, styrene, toluene, and pesticides.

Some congenital abnormalities

·	Kallmann syndrome - Genetic disorder causing decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands caused by a deficiency of a hormone.

·	Cryptorchidism - Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum.

·	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - A genetic disorder causing people who are genetically male (i.e. XY chromosome pair) to develop sexually as a female due to an inability to utilize androgen.

·	Intersexuality - A person who has genitalia and/or other sexual traits which are not clearly male or female.

Cancers

·	Prostate cancer - Cancer of the prostate gland.

·	Breast cancer - Cancer of the mammary gland.

·	Ovarian cancer - Cancer of the ovary.

·	Penile cancer - Cancer of penis.

·	Uterine cancer - Cancer of the uterus.

·	Testicular cancer - Cancer of the testicles.

·	Cervical Cancer - Cancer of the cervix.

Some infections

·	HIV - Infection by the retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus.

·	Genital warts - Sexually transmitted infection caused by some sub-types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

·	Herpes simplex - Sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus called herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2

·	Gonorrhea - Common sexually transmitted disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrheae

·	Yeast infection - Infection of the vagina by any species of the fungus genus Candida.

·	Pelvic inflammatory disease - Painful infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries with associated scar formation and adhesions to nearby tissues and organs.

·	Syphilis - Sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

·	Pubic lice - Infection of the pubic hair by crab lice, Phthirius pubis.

·	Trichomoniasis - Sexually transmitted infection by the single-celled protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

Some functional problems

·	Impotence - The inability of a male to produce or maintain an erection.

·	Hypogonadism - A lack of function of the gonads, in regards to either hormones or gamete production.

·	Ectopic pregnancy - When a fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall.

·	Hypoactive sexual desire disorder - A low level of sexual desire and interest.

·	Female sexual arousal disorder - A condition of decreased, insufficient, or absent lubrication in females during sexual activity

·	Premature ejaculation - A lack of voluntary control over ejaculation.

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All information on this page is intended for your general knowledge only and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.