Glucose |
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· | Increased thirst
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· | Increased urination
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· | Fatigue
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· | Blurred vision
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· | Slow-healing infections
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· | Sweating
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· | Hunger
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· | Trembling
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· | Anxiety
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· | Confusion
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· | Blurred Vision
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Glucose Level
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Indication
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From 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)
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Normal fasting glucose
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From 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)
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Impaired fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
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126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) and above on more than one testing occasion
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Diabetes
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Glucose Level
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Indication
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Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
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Normal glucose tolerance
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From 140 to 200 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L)
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Impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)
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Over 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on more than one testing occasion
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Diabetes
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Glucose Level
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Indication
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Less than 140* mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
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Normal screen
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140* mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and over
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Abnormal, needs OGTT (see below)
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Time of Sample Collection
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Target LEVEL
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Fasting* (prior to glucose load)
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95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L)
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1 hour after glucose load
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180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L)
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2 hours after glucose load
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155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L)
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3 hours after glucose load*
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140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L
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· | Acromegaly
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· | Acute stress (response to trauma, heart attack, and stroke for instance)
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· | Chronic renal failure
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· | Cushing syndrome
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· | Drugs, including: corticosteroids, tricyclic antidepressants, diuretics, epinephrine, estrogens (birth control pills and hormone replacement), lithium, phenytoin (Dilantin), salicylates,
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· | Excessive food intake
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· | Hyperthyroidism
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· | Pancreatic cancer
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· | Pancreatitis
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· | Adrenal insufficiency
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· | Drinking alcohol
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· | Drugs, such as acetaminophen and anabolic steroids
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· | Extensive liver disorder
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· | Hypopituitarism
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· | Hypothyroidism
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· | Insulin overdose
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· | Insulinomas
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· | Starvation
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· | Documented low glucose levels (less than 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) often tested along with insulin levels and sometimes with C-Peptide levels)
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· | Symptoms of hypoglycemia
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· | Reversal of the symptoms when blood glucose levels are returned to normal.
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· | Recognize and know how to treat both high and low blood sugar.
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· | Test and record your self-check glucose values.
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· | Adjust your medications.
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· | Administer insulin (which types in which combinations to meet your needs).
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· | Handle medications when you get ill.
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· | Monitor your feet, skin, and eyes to catch problems early.
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· | Buy diabetic supplies and store them properly.
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· | Plan meals. Diet is extremely important in minimizing swings in blood glucose levels. A registered dietician can help you learn how to plan meals and a diabetic educator can help with this as well.
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