Hematological Diseases

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There are many types of blood diseases, such as bleeding disorders, platelet disorders, hemophilia and anemia.

ANEMIA - A common Blood disorder condition that is caused by an acquired or inhered abnormality of red Blood cells to provide adequate oxygen supplies to body tissues. Anemia may, in some cases, be a manifestation of an non-hematologic disorder. The condition may be due to decreased number of red Blood cells, decreased amount of substance in red Blood cells which transports oxygen hemoglobin, or decreased volume of red Blood cells. There are several diseases properly known as Anemia. These include: anemia of B12 deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, anemia of folate deficiency, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic anemia due to g6pd deficiency, idiopathic aplastic anemia, idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, secondary aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia.

BLOOD CHOLESTEROL - An important attribute in deciding a person's risk of getting coronary heart disease. When you have too much cholesterol in your Blood, the excess builds up on the walls of the arteries that carry Blood to the heart. This buildup is called "atherosclerosis" or "hardening of the arteries." It narrows the arteries and can slow down or block Blood flow to the heart. With less Blood, the heart gets less oxygen. With not enough oxygen to the heart, there may be chest pain, heart attack, or even death. Cholesterol buildup is the most common cause of heart disease, and it happens so slowly that you are not even aware of it. The higher your Blood cholesterol, the greater your chance of this buildup.

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS - Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating Blood disease caused by nematode worms of the genera Wucheriaand Brugia. Larval worms circulate in the Bloodstream of infected persons, and adult worms live in the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic filariasis is not life threatening, but it does cause extreme discomfort, swelling of the limbs and genitals, damage to the kidneys and lymphatic system, impairment of the body's ability to fight infection, and general malaise. In addition, it produces immeasurable emotional and economic costs in terms of the disruption of family and community life. Approximately 120 million people in 73 endemic countries world-wide located primarily throughout tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Asia, the Pacific Islands and Africa. Although designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the world's second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability, this mosquito-transmitted Blood borne disease is "potentially eradicable" through drug therapy and vector control. Infection rates are increasing with the continued expansion of urbanization that is underway in the tropics.

HEMOCHROMATOSIS - A most often hereditary Blood disorder that causes body tissue to absorb and store too much iron. Hemochromatosis is not "caught." The disease (which is actually many diseases) has also been known to develop as a result of dietary iron intake in sufficient quantity. Its worst effects are preventable, by early diagnosis and treatment, but, if the patient is not found in time, it is crippling and potentially fatal.

HEMOPHILIA - (also Haemophilia) A genetic Blood disease that causes the Blood to be unable to form a firm clot normally and quickly.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE - The most common risk factor for heart and kidney diseases and stroke. High Blood pressure, or hypertension, is defined in an adult as a systolic pressure (top number) of 140 mm Hg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure (bottom number) of 90 mm Hg or higher. Blood pressure is measured and noted in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

HIV/AIDS - A Blood-borne disease of the human immune system that is characterized cytologically especially by a reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells, to 20% or less of normal, rendering the subject highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions, such as pneumonia. There are others that become life-threatening (such as Kaposi's sarcoma) and that are caused by infection with HIV. HIV has been found in Blood, semen, saliva, tears, nervous system tissue, breast milk, and female genital tract secretions; however, only Blood, semen, female genital tract secretions, and breast milk have been proven to transmit HIV to others. It is most commonly transmitted in infected Blood and bodily secretions (e.g. semen), commonly during illicit IV drug use and/or sexual intercourse.

LEUKEMIA - Often referred to as cancer of the Blood, a malignant condition affecting the immature Blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA - Occurs in one to five of every 100,000 people. With this Blood disorder, patients not only have more red cells, that is, hematocrits can almost double in some cases, but there is also a slow, steady buildup of white cells and platelets. Blood volume also increases, which masks the disease from the doctor while putting the patient at a higher risk of Blood clots and stroke. Women under the age of 40 are at particular risk for clotting complications.

SEPSIS - Also known as gram-negative bacteremia and gram-positive bacteremia, Sepsis is an overwhelming and life-threatening bacterial infection of the Blood and body organs caused by bacteria that has entered body tissue, most often through a wound or incision, that leads to the formation of pus, and/or to the spread of the sepsis bacteria throughout the Blood stream. Sepsis is often caused by organisms that are resistant to most standard antibiotics and more often than not, is found in people with a weakened immune systems.
Commonly affected areas are the lungs, the genitourinary tract, the liver or liver secretion tract, the gastrointestinal tract, surgical wounds or drains, and spots of skin disturbance known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores. Sepsis infection can lead to a form of shock, known as septic shock.

SICKLE CELL DISEASE - A hereditary Blood disease resulting from a single amino acid mutation of the red Blood cells. A Blood condition of anemia. People with sickle cell disease have red Blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red Blood cells become crescent shaped "sickle shaped" and have difficulty passing through small Blood vessels. There is currently no universal cure for Blood borne sickle cell disease.

THALASSEMIA - A group of fatal genetic Blood disorders. The WHO recognizes Thalassemia as the most prevalent inherited genetic Blood disorder in the world. An estimated 2 million Americans are carriers of the genetic trait for thalassemia, predominately those of Mediterranean and Asian Indian, South Asian and Chinese ancestry.

THROMBOSIS - When the platelets try to patch up an injury within a small Blood vessel and completely plug it up instead. This plug obstructs the normal flow of Blood and can result in a heart attack or stroke.

There are a list of common Hematologic Diseases below:
Anemia
Anemia, Aplastic
Anemia, Hemolytic
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia, Myelophthisic
Anemia, Neonatal
Anemia, Refractory
Anemia, Sideroblastic
ATRANSFERRINEMIA
DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA
HEINZ BODY ANEMIAS
NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 1
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
Blood Coagulation Disorders
ADDUCTED THUMB-CLUBFOOT SYNDROME
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
Coagulation Protein Disorders
COUMARIN RESISTANCE
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN DEFICIENCY
Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency
Protein S Deficiency
PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM-LIKE DISORDER WITH MULTIPLE COAGULATION FACTOR DEFICIENCY
Purpura
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Thrombocythemia, Essential
Vitamin K Deficiency
Blood Group Incompatibility
Erythroblastosis, Fetal
Rh Isoimmunization
Blood Platelet Disorders
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Gray Platelet Syndrome
PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, GROUP IVA
Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency
SEBASTIAN SYNDROME
Thrombasthenia
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis
von Willebrand Diseases
Blood Protein Disorders
Agammaglobulinemia
Antithrombin III Deficiency
Dysgammaglobulinemia
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemias
Protein C Deficiency
Protein S Deficiency
RH-NULL, REGULATOR TYPE
Bone Marrow Diseases
Anemia, Aplastic
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases
Myeloproliferative Disorders
SHWACHMAN-DIAMOND SYNDROME
Hematologic Neoplasms
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Hemoglobin C Disease
Thalassemia
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Afibrinogenemia
ALPHA-2-PLASMIN INHIBITOR DEFICIENCY
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Factor V Deficiency
Factor VII Deficiency
Hemophilia B
Factor X Deficiency
Factor XI Deficiency
Factor XII Deficiency
Factor XIII Deficiency
Hemophilia A
Hemostatic Disorders
Hypoprothrombinemias
PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1 DEFICIENCY
Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombasthenia
Thrombocythemia, Essential
Vitamin K Deficiency
von Willebrand Diseases
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Leukocyte Disorders
Eosinophilia
Infectious Mononucleosis
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY, TYPE I
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukostasis
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction
LUTHERAN SUPPRESSOR, X-LINKED
MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY
Methemoglobinemia
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF METHEMOGLOBIN REDUCTASE
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA TYPE IV
METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
MYELOPEROXIDASE DEFICIENCY
Pancytopenia
HOYERAAL-HREIDARSSON SYNDROME
MARTIN-PROBST DEAFNESS-MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IV DEFICIENCY
Polycythemia
ERYTHROCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 1
ERYTHROCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 2
ERYTHROCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 3
ERYTHROCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 4
Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
Preleukemia
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Thrombophilia
Activated Protein C Resistance
Antithrombin III Deficiency
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
HEPARIN COFACTOR II DEFICIENCY
Protein C Deficiency
Protein S Deficiency
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
THROMBOPHILIA DUE TO ACTIVATED PROTEIN C RESISTANCE
THROMBOPHILIA DUE TO HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY
THROMBOPHILIA, HEREDITARY, DUE TO PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
THROMBOPHILIA, X-LINKED, DUE TO FACTOR IX DEFECT


 
 
 
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All information on this page is intended for your general knowledge only and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.